Billionaire Mo Ibrahim discusses why no African leader qualifies for the $5m governance prize he sponsors.
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| Sudan-born telecoms tycoon Dr Mo Ibrahim says rising inequality is destroying social cohesion [AFP] |
The Mo Ibrahim Prize for Achievement in African Leadership is the
world's most generous prizes. It is also proving to be one of its most
elusive, after the prize committee announced on Monday that there was no
African leader who met the criteria for the 2013 award.
This is the second year in a row that no suitable candidate has been
found. Since its inception in 2007, the prize has only been awarded
three times.
Dr Mo Ibrahim, a Sudanese-British telecoms tycoon and philanthropist,
established the London-based Mo Ibrahim Foundation to help inspire good
governance and exceptional leaders. By finding so few candidates that
meet its standards, critics of the award argue it reinforces negative
stereotypes about African leaders.
Al Jazeera's Yasmine Ryan spoke with Dr Ibrahim about why the
foundation is finding it so hard to find awardees, the relationship
between rising inequality and worsening rule of law, and the controversy
surrounding the International Criminal Court's (ICC) focus on African
leaders.
Al Jazeera: Were there any leaders who might have qualified who were under consideration for the Mo Ibrahim Prize this year?
Mo Ibrahim: Yes of course, I'm not a member of the
prize committee, but according to the rules, the committee looks at the
people that left office in the last three years, peacefully. It is up to
the prize committee to decide whether people meet the standard. We set a
very high standard, of course. And we are proud of our prize committee
for being credible and tough. It's a prize for excellence, it's not a
pension.
AJ: Do you think it's time to expand the prize, perhaps to include the many non-heads of state who are playing a positive transformative role?
MI: We created a brand, a prize, for a specific
reason. We should not tinker with that. If there is a need to offer
prizes to wonderful parliamentarians, to great newsmen or women, to
footballers, or whoever, that's fine. But we should not just mix up
things together and destroy the brand we have just because one or two
years we don't have a winner.
What is the objective of this? It's focusing on presidents as tools
to change their countries, given the power they have. We have not
cornered the market on prizes and we invite everybody else to offer
prizes for civil society, for the best NGO, for whatever.
Ourselves, we offered a different kind of prize for the Archbishop
Desmond Tutu. This was a prize for a brave man who spoke truth to power.
AJ: The Nobel Peace Prize committee is, interestingly, often criticised for the opposite reason; for not being selective enough. Do you think the Nobel Peace Prize committee could learn something from the Mo Ibrahim Foundation?
MI: I will not start by criticising the Nobel Peace
Prize committee, because on my committee we have three Nobel Prize
winners, and I'm afraid to upset them! [Laughs] So I pass, no comment.
AJ: The Ibrahim Index of African Governance ranking countries according to their performance was also released today. You have said that the information collated in the index is an important empowering tool for citizens in the countries surveyed. In what ways can citizens use this information?
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| From the 2013 Ibrahim Index of African Governance |
MI: This is a scorecard. It shows exactly what has
been achieved over the last 13 years. We've been publishing very
detailed data over 13 years. We have 133 parameters we measure. It gives
people full details: How effective is the police force? How effective
is the judiciary? Women's social and economic rights…
This is a wealth of information, for people to see what is strong, to
keep doing it, and what needs to be fixed. It also gives an opportunity
to compare your performance with that of your neighbour, to enable
conversations, peer review. We can pick up the phone and say "What are
you doing here"?
Every time I meet an African president, they open up the index. They
love it, because it can help them improve their performance.
AJ: The index shows that the gap between the best and worst countries is widening. Do you think this growing inequality is a uniquely African issue, or you think it is part of a global trend?
MI: There are two areas of inequality. One issue is that we see that eight countries have been in the top ten since the beginning of our data collection. It seems the guys who got it right, they build their institutions and it keeps them on the right path.
At the bottom, actually there have been a lot of changes. The best
improvement, actually, has been from some of the countries at the
bottom, that managed to get out of poverty and did not fall back into
the vicious cycle of poverty.
The second part [of the issue of inequality] is that the fruits of
the economic progress, somehow appear to be limited to the top one
percent of the population. That is producing a widening gap between the
wealthy and the poor. That produces tension. This phenomenon is not just
an African phenomenon, it's happening in the US, it's happening in the
UK, it's happening everywhere.
This is dangerous. You are building tension inside society. You will reach a point where social cohesion is destroyed.
AJ: The index also showed a trend of worsening levels of personal safety and the rule of law. What are the factors driving these trends?
MI: I just told you.AJ: That it's due to the inequality?
MI: Exactly. Most of the violence before was happening because of tensions and hostilities across borders. Now it is happening because of conflict within the country. We need to look [at] why are we are lacking social cohesion.
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| From the 2013 Ibrahim Index of African Governance |
AJ: You've spoken in the past about how Africa's youthful population gives it the possibility of becoming the next "factory of the world". Which countries do you think are best place to do this?
MI: I wouldn't like to pick one country. I think the
country that's going to do this is the country that's going to produce a
better education for its young people, better training for young
people. We need people who are able to serve the new economy. We need
people who are versed in the new software, people who are good with
their hands, smart kids.
AJ: Kenya's President Uhuru Kenyatta has called the International Criminal Court "imperialist and racist", and there are many African leaders who agree with him. Do you think there is any truth to their assertion that the ICC has targeted African leaders unfairly? If so, what's the alternative?
MI: I think there's a need for a serious
conversation between the African Union and the ICC. On one hand, the
allegation that the ICC has only tried or prosecuted African leaders is
correct. Do atrocities only happen in Africa? What is happening in
Myanmar, what is happening in Baghdad? Where is the ICC? That's a valid
question.
On the other hand, Africa has no alternative to the ICC. We don’t
have an African criminal court that is capable of really trying crimes
against humanity. So when we have victims in Africa – and we do have
victims in many cases – who can give them justice?
Instead of throwing out the baby with the bathwater, we need to find a
way to reconcile the two. We need to find a way to the ICC so that it
doesn't become just a political tool, as it is perceived by some African
leaders.
Global governance is in crisis. Do we say "let us withdraw from the
United Nations"? We love the United Nations, we need the United Nations,
what we need to do it to try and reform it, because we need it.
That is the same approach we need to take with the ICC and some of
these other global governing bodies. Let’s be cool-headed, and find a
way to move forward.
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